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The BCERF program on the Cancer Risks of Environmental Chemicals in the Home and Workplace closed on March 31, 2010. No further updates will be made to this web site. Please go Cornell University’s eCommons web site to access BCERF’s archived research and educational materials (http://ecommons.library.cornell.edu/handle/1813/14300).

Bibliography on the Pesticide DBCP
Bibliography

This bibliography is provided as a service to our readers. It is compiled from the entries in the BCERF Environmental Risk Factors Bibliographic Database.

This bibliography is arranged topically. The topics include:


General Information and Review Articles

(1978). DBCP, chlordecone, and the risk-benefit equation. The Lancet 2, 79-80.

(1988). DBCP. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 104, 75-91.

ATSDR (1992). Toxicological Profile for 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (Atlanta, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health & Human Services), pp. 1-140.

ATSDR (2002). ToxFAQsTM for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (ATSDR).

Babich, H., and Davis, D. L. (1981). Dibromochloropropane (DBCP): A review. The Science of the Total Environment 17, 207-221.

Costle, D. M., and Harwood, G. (1979). Dibromochloropropane (DBCP); Suspension Order and Notice of Intent to Cancel. Federal Register 44, 65135-65179.

Gehring, P. J., Nolan, R. J., Watanabe, P. G., and Schumann, A. M. (1991). Solvents, Fumigants, and Related Compounds. In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, W. J. Hayes, and J. Laws, E. R., eds. (San Diego, Academic Press, Inc.), pp. 637-730.

Montgomery, J. H. (1993). 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. In Agrochemicals Desk Reference: Environmental Data, J. Harold, ed. (Chelsea, Lewis Publishers), pp. 139-140.

USDA (1982). The Biologic and Economic Assessment of DBCP: A Report of the DBCP Assessment Team to the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration of DBCP (Washington, D.C., United States Department of Agriculture), pp. 1-117.

Whorton, M. D., and Foliart, D. E. (1983). Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive effects of dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Mutation Research 123, 13-30.

Toxic Effects

IRIS (1991). 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) CASRN 96-12-8 (http://www.epa.gov/iris/sabst/0414.htm, United States Environmental Protection Agency).

Kluwe, W. M. (1981). Acute toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the F344 male rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 59, 84-95.

Lee, I. P., and Suzuki, K. (1979). Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse germ cells following 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropne (DBCP) exposure. Mutation Research 68, 169-173.

Moody, D. E., Loury, D. N., Hammock, B. D., Ruebner, B. H., Cullen, J. M., Hillman, J. H., Hillman, D. W., Rao, M. S., London, W. T., Hann, H. L., et al. (1992). Serum epoxide hydrolase (preneoplastic antigen) in human and experimental liver injury. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 1, 395-403.

Reznik, G., Stinson, S. F., and Ward, J. M. (1980). Respiratory pathology in rats and mice after inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane or 1,2 dibromoethane for 13 weeks. Archives of Toxicology 46, 233-240.

Saegusa, J. (1986). Radiomimetic toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Industrial Health 24, 1-14.

Saegusa, J. (1987). Age-related susceptibility to dibromochloropropane. Toxicology Letters 36, 45-50.

Saegusa, J. (1989). Cumulative effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) on kidney and testis. Industrial Health 27, 49-58.

Søderlund, E. J., Låg, M., Holme, J. A., Brunborg, G., Omichinski, J. G., and Dahl, G. (1990). Species differences in kidney necrosis and DNA damage, distribution and glutathione-dependent metabolism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Pharmacology and Toxicology 66, 287-293.

Metabolism

Dekant, W., and Vamvakas, S. (1993). Glutathione-dependent bioactivation of xenobiotics. Xenobiotica 23, 873-887.

DiBiasio, K. W., Silva, M. H., Shull, L. R., Overstreet, J. W., Hammock, B. D., and Miller, M. G. (1991). Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in rat, mouse, monkey, and human testes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 19, 227-232.

Dohn, D. R., Graziano, M. J., and Casida, J. E. (1988). Metabolites of [3-13C]1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in male rats studied by 13C and 1H-13C correlated two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Biochemical Pharmacology 37, 3485-3495.

Gingell, R., Beatty, P. W., Mitschke, H. R., Page, A. C., Sawin, V. L., Putcha, L., and Kramer, W. G. (1987). Toxicokinetics of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 91, 386-394.

Hinson, J. A., and Forkert, P. (1995). Phase II enzymes and bioactivation. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, 1407-1413.

Holme, J. A., Søderlund, E. J., Brunborg, G., Omichinski, J. G., Bekkedal, K., Trygg, B., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1989). Different mechanisms are involved in DNA damage, bacterial mutagenicity and cytotoxicity induced by 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in suspensions of rat liver cells. Carcinogenesis 10, 49-54.

Jones, A. R., Fakhouri, G., and Gadiel, P. (1979). The metabolism of the soil fumigant 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the rat. Experientia 35, 1432-1434.

Kato, Y., Sato, K., Matano, O., and Goto, S. (1980). Alkylation of cellular macromolecules by reactive metabolic intermediate of DBCP. Journal of Pesticide Science 5, 45-53.

Kluwe, W. M. (1983). Chemical modulation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane toxicity. Toxicology 27, 287-299.

Låg, M., Omichinski, J. G., Søderlund, E. J., Brunborg, G., Holme, J. A., Dahl, J. E., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1989a). Role of p-450 activity and glutathione levels in 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane tissue distribution, renal necrosis and in vivo DNA damage. Toxicology 56, 273-288.

Låg, M., Søderlund, E. J., Omichinski, J. G., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1989b). Metabolism of selectively methylated and deuterated analogs of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: role in organ toxicity and mutagenicity. Chemico-Biological Interactions 69, 33-44.

MacFarland, R. T., Gandolfi, A. J., and Sipes, I. G. (1984). Extra-hepatic GSH-dependent metabolism of 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the rat and mouse. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 7, 213-227.

Mahmood, N. A., Overstreet, D., and Burka, L. T. (1991). Comparative disposition and metabolism of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in rats and mice. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 19, 411-418.

O'Brien, P. J., Hales, B. F., Josephy, P. D., Castonguay, A., Yamazoe, Y., and Guengerich, F. P. (1996). Chemical carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and teratogenesis. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 74, 565-571.

Pearson, P. G., Omichinski, J. G., Myers, T. G., Søderlund, E. J., Dybing, E., and Nelson, S. D. (1990). Metabolic activation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to mutagenic metabolites: detection and mechanism of formation of (Z)- and (E)-2-chloro-3-(bromomethyl)oxirane. Chemical Research in Toxicology 3, 458-466.

Simula, T. P., Glancey, M. J., Søderlund, E. J., Dybing, E., and Wolf, C. R. (1993). Increased mutagenicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate in Salmonella TA100 expressing human glutathione S-transferases. Carcinogenesis 14, 2303-2307.

Søderlund, E. J., J., M. D., Ketterer, B., Nelson, S. D., Dybing, E., and Holme, J. A. (1995). Metabolism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane by glutathione S-transferases. Chemico-Biological Interactions 97, 257-272.

Weber, G. L., Steenwyk, R. C., Nelson, S. D., and Pearson, P. G. (1995). Identification of N-Acetylcysteine conjugates of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane: evidence for cytochrome P450 and glutathione mediated bioactivation pathways. Chemical Research in Toxicology 8, 560-573.

Regulatory Standards

DOH (2002). Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 20: Rules relating to potable water systems (Hawaii, Hawaii Department of Health), pp. 20-14.

EPA (1987). Health advisories for 16 pesticides (including alachlor, aldicarb, carbofuran, chlordane, DBCP, 1,2-dichloropropane, 2,4-D, endrin, ehtylene dibromide, heptachlor/hepatachlor epoxide, lindane, methoxychlor, oxamyl, pentachlorophenol, toxaphene and 2,4,5-TP) (Washington, D.C., Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protection Agency), pp. 3-4.

Fan, A. M., and Alexeeff, G. V. (1999). Public Health Goal for 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane in Drinking Water (California Environmental Protection Agency), pp. 1-43.

NYSDOH (2001). SubPart 5-1; Public Water Systems; Statuatory Authority: Public Health Law, Section 225 (NYSDOH).

OSHA (2003). Regulations (Standards- 29 CFR); 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration).

Pease, W., Vandenberg, J., and Hooper, K. (1991). Comparing alternative approaches to establishing regulatory levels for reproductive toxicants: DBCP as a case study. Environmental Health Perspectives 91, 141-155.

USEPA (2000). Status of Chemicals in Special Review, EPA-738-R-00-001 (Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), pp. 1-58.

USEPA (2002). 2002 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories (Washington, D.C., Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency).

USEPA (2003). Search Results for Commodities with Tolerances...search on "bromide" (US Environmental Protection Agency).

WHO (2002). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality: 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (World Health Organization).

Exposure Assessment

Beckman, H., and Bevenue, A. (1963). Determination of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and tetrachlorothiophene in crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 11, 479-482.

Carter, G. E., and Riley, M. B. (1984). Dibromochloropropane residues in peaches following fall orchard fumigation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 32, 186-187.

Daft, J. L. (1989). Determination of fumigants and related chemicals in fatty and nonfatty foods. American Chemical Society 37, 560-564.

Daft, J. L. (1990). Recovery of 1,3-, 2,3-dichloropropenes, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and o-, p-dichlorobenzenes from fatty and non-fat foodstuffs by liquid extraction technique. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19, 921-925.

Newsome, W. H., Iverson, F., Panopio, L. G., and Hierlihy, S. L. (1977). Residues of dibromochloropropane in root crops grown in fumigated soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 25, 684-685.

Newsome, W. H., and Panopio, L. G. (1977). A method for the determination of 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dibromoethane, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in food crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 25, 998-1000.

Sass, R. (2000). Agricultural "killing fields": the poisoning of Costa Rican banana workers. Environmental and Occupational Health 30, 491-514.

Tonogai, Y., Ito, Y., Ogawa, S., and Iwaida, M. (1986). Determination of dibromochloropropane and related fumigants in citrus fruit. Journal of Food Protection 49, 909-913.

Ward, M. H., Prince, J. R., Stewart, P. A., and Zahm, S. H. (2001). Determining the probability of pesticide exposures among migrant farmworkers: results from a feasibility study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 40, 538-553.

Environmental Fate and Transport

Barbash, J. E., and Resek, E. A. (1997a). Chapter 3, Overview of Pesticide Occurrence and Distribution in Relation to Use. In Pesticides in Ground Water; Distribution, Trends and Governing Factors, R. J. Gilliom, ed. (Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers), pp. 91-178.

Barbash, J. E., and Resek, E. A. (1997b). Chapter 10, Environmental Significance. In Pesticides in Ground Water; Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors, R. J. Gilliom, ed. (Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers), pp. 403-412.

Bloom, R. A., and Alexander, M. (1990). Microbial transformation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Journal of Environmental Quality 19, 722-726.

Burlinson, N. E., Lee, L. A., and Rosenblatt, D. H. (1982). Kinetics and products of hydrolysis of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Environmental Science and Technology 16, 627-632.

Carter, G. E., Ligon, J. T., and Riley, M. B. (1984). DBCP residue studies in soil and well water from two South Carolina peach orchards. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 22, 201-208.

Cohen, S. Z. (1996). Pesticides in ground water in the United States: monitoring, modeling, and risks from the US perspective. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes 31, 345-352.

Giardino, N. J., and Andelman, J. B. (1996). Characterization of the emissions of trichloroethylene, chloroform, and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in a full-size, experimental shower. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 6, 413-423.

Goodrich, J. A., Lykins Jr., B. W., and Clark, R. M. (1991). Drinking water from agriculturally contaminated groundwater. Journal of Environmental Quality 20, 707-717.

Larson, S. J., Capel, P. D., and Majewski, M. S. (1997). Chapter 4, Factors controlling the behavior and fate of pesticides in surface waters. In Pesticides in Surface Waters; Distribution, Trends, and Governing Factors, R. J. Gillion, ed. (Chelsea, MI, Ann Arbor Press, Inc.), pp. 217-233.

Loague, K., and Abrams, R. H. (1999). DBCP contaminated groundwater: hot spots and nonpoint sources. Journal of Environmental Quality 28, 429-446.

Oki, D., and Giambelluca, T. W. (1987). DBCP, EDB, and TCP contamination of ground water in Hawaii. Ground Water 25, 693-702.

Squillace, P. J., Moran, M. J., Lapham, W. W., Price, C. V., Clawges, R. M., and Zogorski, J. S. (1999). Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995. Environmental Science and Technology 33, 4176-4187.

Tuazon, E. C., Atkinson, R., Aschmann, S. M., Arey, J., Winer, A. M., and Pitts, J. N. (1986). Atmospheric loss processes of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane and trimethyl phosphate. Environmental Science and Technology 20, 1043-1046.

Wade, H. F., York, A. C., Morey, E., Padmore, J. M., and Rudo, K. M. (1998). The impact of pesticide use on groundwater in North Carolina. Journal of Environmental Quality 27, 1018-1026.

Wall, G. R., Riva-Murray, K., and Phillips, P. J. (1998). Water Quality in the Hudson River Basin, New York and Adjacent States, 1992-95, USGS Circular no. 1165 (Denver, CO, USGS).

Cancer Risk, General

ATSDR (1992). Toxicological Profile for 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (Atlanta, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health & Human Services), pp. 1-140.

IARC (1977). Some fumigants, the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, chlorinated dibenzodioxins and miscellaneous industrial chemicals, Vol 15 (Lyon, IARC).

IARC (1979). Some halogenated hydrocarbons, Vol 20 (Lyon, IARC).

IARC (1999). 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. In Re-evaluation of some organic chemicals, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide (Lyon, IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans).

USDHHS (2000). Report on Carcinogens, Ninth Edition; Carcinogen Profiles 2000; 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, CAS no 96-12-8 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service and National Toxicology Program), pp. III-100-101.

USDHHS (2002). 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, CAS# 96-12-8. In Report on Carcinogens, Tenth Edition; Carcinogen Profiles 2002 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service and National Toxicology Program), pp. 79-81.

USEPA (2002). Chemicals evaluated for carcinogenic potential (Washington, D.C., USEPA).

Human Cancer Studies

Allen, R. H., Gottlieb, M., Clute, E., Pongsiri, M. J., Sherman, J., and Obrams, G. I. (1997). Breast cancer and pesticides in Hawaii: The need for further study. Environmental Health Perspectives 105, 679-683.

Brown, D. P. (1992). Mortality of workers employed at organochlorine pesticide manufacturing plants-an update. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 18, 155-161.

Burch, T. A., Kawaguchi, P., and Oyama, N. (1982). Health Assessment of a Community with Pesticide Contaminated Drinking Water (Hawaii State Department of Health), pp. 1-66.

Freedman, D. (1999). Ecological Inference and the ecological fallacy. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences 549, 1-6.

Guthrie, K. A., and Sheppard, L. (2001). Overcoming biases and misconceptions in ecological studies. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A- Statistics in Society 164, 141-154.

Hearn, S., Ott, M. G., Kolesar, R. C., and Cook, R. R. (1984). Mortality experience of employees with occupational exposure to DBCP. Archives of Environmental Health 39, 49-55.

Olsen, G. W., Bodner, K. M., Stafford, B. A., Cartmill, J. B., and Gondek, M. R. (1995). Update of the mortality experience of employees with occupational exposure to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). American Journal of Industrial Medicine 28, 399-410.

Wesseling, C., Ahlbom, A., Antich, D., Rodriguez, A. C., and Castro, R. (1996). Cancer in banana plantation workers in Costa Rica. International Journal of Epidemiology 25, 1125-1131.

Wong, O. (1981). An epidemiologic study of workers potentially exposed to brominated chemicals: with a discussion of multifactor adjustment. In Banbury Report No. 9 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), pp. 359-378.

Wong, O., Brocker, W., Davis, H. V., and Nagle, G. S. (1984). Mortality of workers potentially exposed to organic and inorganic brominated chemicals, DBCP, TRIS, PBB, and DDT. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 41, 15-24.

Wong, O., Morgan, R. W., Whorton, M. D., Gordon, N., and Kheifets, L. (1989). Ecological analyses and case-control studies of gastric cancer and leukaemia in relation to DBCP in drinking water in Fresno County, California. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 46, 521-528.

Animal Cancer Studies

Haseman, J. K., and Hailey, J. R. (1997). An update of the National Toxicology Program database on nasal carcinogens. Mutation Research 380, 3-11.

Heindel, J. J., Berkowitz, A. S., Kyle, G., Luthra, R., and Bruckner, J. V. (1989). Assessment in rats of the gonadotoxic and hepatorenal toxic potential of dibromochloropropane (DBCP) in drinking water. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 13, 804-815.

Huff, J. E. (1983). 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Environmental Health Perspectives 47, 365-369.

IARC (1977). Some fumigants, the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, chlorinated dibenzodioxins and miscellaneous industrial chemicals, Vol 15 (Lyon, IARC).

IARC (1979). Some halogenated hydrocarbons, Vol 20 (Lyon, IARC).

IARC (1987). 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (group 2B). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Suppl. 7, 191-192.

NTP (1977). TR-28, Bioassay of dibromochloropropane for possible carcinogenicity (CAS No. 1836-75-5) (National Technical Information Service), pp. 1-46.

NTP (1982). TR-206, Carcinogenesis bioassay of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (CAS No. 96-12-8) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation study), pp. 1-3.

Olson, W. A., Habermann, R. T., Weisburger, E. K., Ward, J. M., and Weisburger, J. H. (1973). Induction of stomach cancer in rats and mice by halogenated aliphatic fumigants. JNCI 51, 1993-1995.

Powers, M. B., Voelker, R. W., Page, N. P., Weisburger, E. K., and Kraybill, H. F. (1975). Carcinogenicity of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) after oral administration in rats and mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 33, 171-172.

Reznik, G., Reznik-Schüller, H., Ward, J. M., and Stinson, S. F. (1980a). Morphology of nasal-cavity tumours in rats after chronic inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. British Journal of Cancer 42, 772-781.

Reznik, G., Stinson, S. F., and Ward, J. M. (1980b). Lung tumors induced by chronic inhalation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in B6C1F1 mice. Cancer Letters 10, 339-342.

Van Duuren, B. L., Goldschmidt, B. M., Lowengart, G., Smith, A. C., Melchionne, S., Seldman, I., and Roth, D. (1979). Carcinogenicity of halogenated olefinic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in mice. JNCI 63, 1433-1439.

Weisburger, E. K. (1977). Carcinogenicity studies on halogenated hydrocarbons. Environmental Health Perspectives 21, 7-16.

Genotoxicity

Albanese, R., Mirkova, E., Gatehouse, D., and Ashby, J. (1988). Species-specific response to the rodent carcinogens 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in rodent bone-marrow micronucleus assays. Mutagenesis 3, 35-38.

Anderson, D., Dobrzynska, M. M., and Basaran, N. (1997). Effect of various genotoxins and reproductive toxins in human lymphocytes and sperm in the Comet assay. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 17, 29-43.

Au, W. W., Cantelli-Forti, G., Hrelia, P., and Legator, M. S. (1990). Cytogenetic assays in genotoxic studies: somatic cell effects of benzene and germinal cell effects of dibromochloropropane. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 10, 125-134.

Au, W. W., Sierra-Torres, C. H., Cajas-Salazar, N., Shipp, B. K., and Legator, M. S. (1999). Cytogenetic effects from exposure to mixed pesticides and the influence from genetic susceptibility. Environmental Health Perspectives 107, 501-505.

Becher, R., Låg, M., Schwarze, P. E., Brunborg, G., Søderlund, E. J., and Holme, J. A. (1993). Chemically induced DNA damage in isolated rabbit lung cells. Mutation Research 285, 303-311.

Belitsky, G. A., Lytcheva, T. A., Khitrovo, I. A., Safaev, R. D., Zhurkov, V. S., Vyskubenko, I. F., Sytshova, L. P., Salamatova, O. G., Feldt, E. G., Khudoley, V. V., et al. (1994). Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity testing of 1,2-dibromopropane and 1,1,3-tribromopropane in comparison to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Cell Biology and Toxicology 10, 265-279.

Bjørge, C., Brunborg, G., Wiger, R., Holme, J. A., Scholz, T., Dybing, E., and Søderlund, E. J. (1996a). A comparative study of chemically induced DNA damage in isolated human and rat testicular cells. Reproductive Toxicology 10, 509-519.

Bjørge, C., Wiger, R., Holme, J. A., Brunborg, G., Andersen, R., Dybing, E., and Søderlund, E. J. (1995). In vitro toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in different testicular cell types from rats. Reproductive Toxicology 9, 461-473.

Bjørge, C., Wiger, R., Holme, J. A., Brunborg, G., Scholz, T., Dybing, E., and Søderlund, E. J. (1996b). DNA strand breaks in testicular cells from humans and rats following in vitro exposure to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Reproductive Toxicology 10, 51-59.

Brunborg, G., Søderlund, E. J., Holme, J. A., and Dybing, E. (1996). Organ-specific and transplacental DNA damage and its repair in rats treated with 1,2-dibromo-3-chlorpropane. Chemico-Biological Interactions 101, 33-48.

Generoso, W. M., Cain, K. T., and Hughes, L. A. (1985). Tests for dominant-lethal effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in male and female mice. Mutagenesis 156, 103-108.

George, E., Wootton, A. K., and Gatehouse, D. G. (1990). Micronucleus induction by azobenzene and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the rat: evaluation of a triple-dose protocol. Mutation Research 234, 129-134.

Guengerich, F. P., Thier, R., Persmark, M., Taylor, J. B., Pemble, S. E., and Ketterer, B. (1995). Conjugation of carcinogens by theta class glutathione S-transferases: mechanisms and relevance to variations in human risk. Pharmacogenetics 5, S103-S107.

Hachiya, N., and Motohashi, Y. (2000). Examination of lacZ mutant induction in the liver and testis of MutaTMMouse following injection of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons classified as human carcinogens. Industrial Health 38, 213-220.

Holme, J. A., Søderlund, E. J., Brunborg, G., Låg, M., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1991a). DNA damage and cell death induced by 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and structural analogs in monolayer culture of rat hepatocytes: 3-aminobenzene inhibits the toxicity of DBCP. Cell Biology and Toxicology 7, 413-432.

Holme, J. A., Søderlund, E. J., Låg, M., Brunborg, G., and Dybing, E. (1991b). Prevention of 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)-induced kidney necrosis and testicular atrophy by 3-aminobenzamide. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 110, 118-128.

Inoue, T., Miyazawa, T., Tanahashi, N., Moriya, M., and Shirasu, Y. (1982). Induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster males by gaseous 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Mutation Research 105, 89-94.

Kale, P. G., and Baum, J. W. (1982). Genetic effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in Drosophila. Environmental Mutagenesis 4, 681-687.

Kato, Y., Matano, O., and Goto, S. (1979). Covalent binding of DBCP to proteins in vitro. Toxicology Letters 3, 299-302.

Kitchin, K. T., and Brown, J. L. (1994). Dose-response relationship for rat liver DNA damage caused by 49 rodent carcinogens. Toxicology 88, 31-49.

Kligerman, A. D., Chapin, R. E., Erexson, G. L., Germolec, D. R., Kwanyuen, P., and Yang, R. S. H. (1993). Analyses of cytogenetic damage in rodents following exposure to simulated groundwater contaminated with pesticides and a fertilizer. Mutation Research 300, 125-134.

La, D. K., Lilly, P. D., Anderegg, R. J., and Swenberg, J. A. (1995). DNA adduct formation in B6C3F1 mice and Fischer-344 rats exposed to 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Carcinogenesis 16, 1419-1424.

Låg, M., Omichinski, J. G., Dybing, E., Nelson, S. D., and Søderlund, E. J. (1994). Mutagenic activity of halogenated propanes and propenes: effect of bromine and chlorine positioning. Chemico-Biological Interactions 93, 73-84.

Låg, M., Søderlund, E. J., Brunborg, G., Dahl, J. E., Holme, J. A., Omichinski, J. G., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1989). Species differences in testicular necrosis and DNA damage, distribution and metabolism of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Toxicology 58, 133-144.

McKee, R. H., Phillips, R. D., and Traul, K. A. (1987). The genetic toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-2-methylpropane, and 1,2,3-tribromo-2-methylpropane. Cell Biology and Toxicology 3, 391-406.

Miller, G. E. (1986). Mutagen activation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane by cytosolic glutathione s-transferases and microsomal enzymes. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 19, 503-518.

Omichinski, J. G., Brunborg, G., Holme, J. A., Søderlund, E. J., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1988a). The role of oxidative and conjugative pathways in the activation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane to DNA-damaging products in rat testicular cells. Molecular Pharmacology 34, 74-79.

Omichinski, J. G., Søderlund, E. J., Dybing, E., Pearson, P. G., and Nelson, S. D. (1988b). Detection and mechanism of formation of the potent direct-acting mutagen 2-bromoacrolein from 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 92.

Roldàn-Arjona, T., Garcìa-Pedrajas, M. D., Luque-Romero, F. L., Hera, C., and Pueyo, C. (1991). An association between mutagenicity of the Ara test of Salmonella typhimurium and carcinogenicity in rodents for 16 halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Mutagenesis 6, 199-205.

Rosenkranz, H. S. (1975). Genetic activity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, a widely-used fumigant. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 14, 8-12.

Russell, L. B., Hunsicker, P. R., and Cacheiro, N. L. A. (1986). Mouse specific-locus test for the induction of heritable gene mutations by dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Mutation Research 170, 161-166.

Ryu, J.-C., Kim, Y.-J., and Chai, Y.-G. (2002). Mutation spectrum of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, an endocrine disruptor, in the lacI transgenic Big Blue Rat2 fibroblast cell line. Mutagenesis 17, 301-307.

Sasaki, Y. F., Imanishi, H., Watanabe, M., Sekiguchi, A., Moriya, M., Shirasu, Y., and Tutikawa, K. (1986). Mutagenicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in the mouse spot test. Mutation Research 174, 145-147.

Sasaki, Y. F., Saga, A., Akasaka, M., Ishibashi, S., Yoshida, K., Su, Y. Q., Matsusaka, N., and Tsuda, S. (1998). Detection of in vivo genotoxicity of haloalkanes and haloalkenes carcinogenic to rodents by the alkaline single cell gel elctrophoresis (Comet) assay in multiple mouse organs. Mutation Research 419, 13-20.

Søderlund, E. J., Brunborg, G., Holme, J. A., Hongslo, J. K., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1991). Co-culture systems for assessing the stability and genotoxicity of reactive 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) metabolites. Mutagenesis 6, 25-30.

Søderlund, E. J., Brunborg, G., Omichinski, J. G., Holme, J. A., Dahl, J. E., Nelson, S. D., and Dybing, E. (1988). Testicular necrosis and DNA damage caused by deuterated and methylated analogs of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 94, 437-447.

Teramoto, S., Saito, R., Aoyama, H., and Shirasu, Y. (1980). Dominant lethal mutation induced in male rats by 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Mutation Research 77, 71-78.

Teramoto, S., and Shirasu, Y. (1989). Genetic toxicology of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Mutation Research 221, 1-9.

Thier, R., Müller, M., Taylor, J. B., Pemble, S. E., Ketterer, B., and Guengerich, F. P. (1995). Enhancement of bacterial mutagenicity of bifunctional alkylating agents by expression of mammalian glutathione S-transferase. Chemical Research in Toxicology 8, 465-472.

Waters, M. D., Stack, H. F., Jackson, M. A., Bridges, B. A., and Adler, I.-D. (1994). The performance of short-term tests in identifying potential germ cell mutagens: a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Mutation Research 341, 109-131.

Wiger, R., Holme, J. A., Hongslo, J. K., Brunborg, G., Haug, K., Rodilla, V., Dybing, E., and Søderlund, E. J. (1998). Single-strand breaks, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HL-60 and LLCPK1 cells exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Cell Biology and Toxicology 14, 267-282.

Zimmering, S. (1983). 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) is positive for sex-linked recessive lethals, heritable translocations and chromosome loss in Drosophila. Mutation Research 119, 287-288.

Endocrine Disruption

Anderson, D., Dobrzynska, M. M., Yu, T.-W., Gandini, L., Cordelli, E., and Spano, M. (1997). DNA integrity in human sperm. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis 17, 97-102.

Birnbaum, L. S., and Fenton, S. E. (2003). Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. Environmental Health Perspectives 111, 389-394.

Brown, N. M., and Lamartiniere, C. A. (1995). Xenoestrogens alter mammary gland differentiation and cell proliferation in the rat. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 708-713.

Clevenger, C. V., Furth, P. A., Hankinson, S. E., and Schuler, L. A. (2003). The role of prolactin in mammary carcinoma. Endocrine Reviews 24, 1-27.

Cortés-Gallegos, V., Castañeda, G., Alonso, R., Arellano, H., Cervantes, C., and Parra, A. (1980). Effects of dibromochloropropane upon diurnal variations of gonadotropins and androgens. Journal of Andrology 1, 277-280.

Davis, D. L., Gottlieb, M. B., and Stampnitzky, J. R. (1998). Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: A sentinel health indicator? JAMA 279, 1018-1023.

de Cock, J., Westveer, K., Heederik, D., Velde, E., and van Kooij, R. (1994). Time to pregnancy and occupational exposure to pesticides in fruit growers in the Netherlands. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 51, 693-699.

Den Hond, E., Roels, H. A., Hoppenbrouwers, K., Nawrot, T., Thijs, L., Vandermeulen, C., Winneke, G., Vanderschueren, D., and Staessen, J. A. (2002). Sexual maturation in relation to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons: Sharpe and Skakkebaek's hypothesis revisited. Environmental Health Perspectives 110, 771-776.

James, W. H. (1994a). Occupations associated with low offspring sex ratios. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 25, 607-608.

James, W. H. (1994b). Reproductive risks associated with diving. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 51, 141-144.

James, W. H. (1994c). Sex ratio of offspring as a criterion of occupational hazard, with reference to welding. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 20, 466-467.

James, W. H. (1995). Re: Total serum testosterone and gonadotropins in workers exposed to dioxin. American Journal of Epidemiology 141, 476-477.

James, W. H. (1997a). Offspring sex ratio as an indicator of reproductive hazards associated with pesticides. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, 429.

James, W. H. (1997b). Offspring sex ratios as a potential monitor of reproductive disorders in communities near hazardous chemical sites. Reproductive Toxicology 11, 893-895.

James, W. H. (1997c). Reproductive effects of male dioxin exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 105, 162.

James, W. H. (1998). Re: The use of offspring sex ratios in the search for endocrine disruptors. Environmental Health Perspectives 106, A472.

James, W. H. (1999). Re: "Male pesticide exposure and pregnancy outcome". American Journal of Epidemiology 149, 290-291.

James, W. H. (2001). Sex ratios at birth as monitors of endocrine disruption. Environmental Health Perspectives 109, A250-A251.

Leroith, D., Potashnik, G., Dunn, J., and Spitz, I. M. (1981). The exaggerated prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide in 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane-induced azoospermia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 52, 38-41.

Oliva, A., Spira, A., and Multigner, L. (2001). Contribution of environmental factors to the risk of male infertility. Human Reproduction 16, 1768-1776.

Portier, C. J. (2002). Endocrine dismodulation and cancer. Neuroendocrinology Letters 23, 43-47.

Rogan, W. J., and Ragan, N. B. (2003). Evidence of effects of environmental chemicals on the endocrine system in children. Pediatrics 112, 247-252.

Stringer, B. M. J., Rowson, J., Greer, W., Wynford-Thomas, D., and Williams, E. D. (1990). Effect of sustained serum prolactin elevation on breast epithelial and myoepithelial cell proliferation. Cell and Tissue Kinetics 23, 17-30.

Sussman, N. B., Mazumdar, S., and Mattison, D. R. (1999). Modeling adverse environmental impacts on the reproductive system. Journal of Women's Health 8, 217-226.

WHO/PCS/EDC (2002). Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors, T. Damstra, S. Barlow, A. Bergman, R. Kavlock, and G. Van Der Kraak, eds. (World Health Organization), pp. 1-180.

Whorton, M. D., and Wong, O. (1995). Sex ratio of offspring of men exposed to sodium borates. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 52, 284-287.

Yoshida, S., Yamada, H., Sugawara, I., and Takeda, K. (1998). Effect of dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on the hormone receptors of the male rat reproductive system. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62, 479-483.

Zober, A., Gott, M., and Van Ravenzwaay, B. (1997). Is vinclozolin a reproductive hazard to men? Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54, 285-286.

Risks to Wildlife

Risebrough, R. W. (1999). 'Endocrine disruption' and the 'wildlife connection'. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 5, 869-883.

Semenza, J. C., Tolbert, P. E., Rubin, C. H., Guillette, L. J., and Jackson, R. J. (1997). Reproductive toxins and alligator abnormalities at Lake Apopka, Florida. Environmental Health Perspectives 105, 1030-1032.

Reproductive Studies-Human

Baranski, B. (1993). Effects of the workplace on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Environmental Health Perspectives 101, 81-90.

Eaton, M., Schenker, M., Whorton, M. D., Samuels, S., Perkins, C., and Overstreet, J. (1986). Seven-year follow-up of workers exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Journal of Occupational Medicine 28, 1145-1150.

Figà-Talamanca, I., and Hatch, M. C. (1994). Reproduction and the workplace: what we know and where we go from here. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 3, 279-303.

Glass, R. I., Lyness, R. N., Mengle, D. C., Powell, K. E., and Kahn, E. (1979). Sperm count depression in pesticide applicators exposed to dibromochloropropane. American Journal of Epidemiology 109, 346-351.

Goldsmith, J. R., Potashnik, G., and Israeli, R. (1984). Reproductive outcomes in families of DBCP-exposed men. Archives of Environmental Health 39, 85-89.

Kharrazi, M., Potashnik, G., and Goldsmith, J. R. (1980). Reproductive effects of dibromochloropropane. Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 16, 403-406.

Lanham, J. M. (1987). Letters to the editor: Nine-year follow-up of workers exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Journal of Occupational Medicine 29, 488-489.

Lantz, G. D., Cunningham, G. R., Huckins, C., and Lipschultz, L. I. (1981). Recovery from severe oligospermia after exposure to dibromochloropropane. Fertility and Sterility 35, 46-53.

Maroni, M., and Fait, A. (1993). Health effects in man from long-term exposure to pesticides. Toxicology 78, 1-180.

Milby, T. H., and Whorton, D. (1980). Epidemiological assessment of occupationally related, chemically induced sperm count suppression. Journal of Occupational Medicine 22, 77-82.

Potashnik, G. (1983). A four-year reassessment of workers with dibromochloropropane-induced testicular dysfunction. Andrologia 15, 164-170.

Potashnik, G., Goldsmith, J. R., and Insler, V. (1984). Dibromochloropropane-induced reduction of the sex-ratio in man. Andrologia 16, 213-218.

Potashnik, G., and Porath, A. (1995). Dibromochloropropane (DBCP): a 17-year reassessment of testicular function and reproductive performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 37, 1287-1292.

Potashnik, G., and Yanai-Inbar, I. (1987). Dibromochloropropane (DBCP): an 8-year reevaluation of testicular function and reproductive performance. Fertility and Sterility 47, 317-323.

Thrupp, L. A. (1991). Sterilization of workers from pesticide exposure: the causes and consequences of DBCP-induced damage in Costa Rica and beyond. International Journal of Health Services 21, 731-757.

Whorton, D., Krauss, R. M., Marshall, S., and Milby, T. H. (1977). Infertility in male pesticide workers. The Lancet 2, 1259-1261.

Whorton, M. D., Wong, O., Morgan, R. W., and Gordon, N. (1989). An epidemiologic investigation of birth outcomes in relation to dibromochloropropane contamination in drinking water in Fresno County, California, USA. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 61, 403-407.

Wong, O., Whorton, M. D., Gordon, N., and Morgan, R. W. (1988). An epidemiologic investigation of the relationship between DBCP contamination in drinking water and birth rates in Fresno County, California. American Journal of Public Health 78, 43-46.

Reproductive Studies-Animal

Foote, R. H., Berndtson, W. E., and Rounsaville, T. R. (1986a). Use of quantitative testicular histology to assess the effect of dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on reproduction in rabbits. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 6, 638-647.

Foote, R. H., Schermerhorn, E. C., and Simkin, M. E. (1986b). Measurement of semen quality, fertility, and reproductive hormones to assess dibromochloropropane (DBCP) effects in live rabbits. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 6, 628-637.

Johnston, R. V., Mensik, D. C., Taylor, H. W., Jersey, G. C., and Dietz, F. K. (1986). Single-generation drinking water reproduction study of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in Sprague-Dawley rats. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 37, 531-537.

Kaplanski, J., Shemi, D., Waksman, J., Potashnik, G., and Sod-Moriah, A. (1991). The effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) on general toxicity and gonadotoxicity in rats. Andrologia 23, 363-366.

Kluwe, W. M. (1981). Acute toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in the F344 male rat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 59, 84-95.

Meistrich, M. L. (2003). Activation of spermatogenic recovery after toxic insult.

Osterloh, J., Letz, G., Pond, S., and Becker, C. (1983). An assessment of the potential testicular toxicity of 10 pesticides using the mouse-sperm morphology assay. Mutation Research 116, 407-415.

Potashnik, G., and Phillip, M. (1988). Lack of birth defects among offspring conceived during or after paternal exposure to dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Andrologia 20, 90-94.

Rao, K. S., Burek, J. D., Muray, F. J., John, J. A., Schwetz, B. A., Bell, T. J., Potts, W. J., and Parker, C. M. (1983). Toxicologic and reproductive effects of inhaled 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in rats. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 3, 104-110.

Rao, K. S., Burek, J. D., Murray, F. J., John, J. A., Schwetz, B. A., Beyer, J. E., and Parker, C. M. (1982). Toxicologic reproductive effects of inhaled 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in male rabbits. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 2, 241-251.

Reel, J. R., Wolkowski-Tyl, R., and Lawton, A. D. (1984). Dibromochloropropane: reproduction and fertility assessment in CD-1 mice when administered by gavage (Springfield, NTIS).

Ruddick, J. A., and Newsome, W. H. (1979). A teratogenicity and tissue distribution study on dibromochloropropane in the rat. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21, 483-487.

Sastry, B. V. R., Naukam, R. J., and Landon, E. J. (1986). Dibromochloropropane induced cell necrosis in the rat testes, kidney and liver. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 5, 600.

Shaked, I., Sod-Moriah, U. A., Kaplanski, J., and Potashnik, G. (1988). Reproductive performance of dibromochloropropane-treated female rats. International Journal of Fertility 33, 129-133.

Shemi, D., Sod-Moriah, U. A., Abraham, M., Friedländer, M., Potashnik, G., and Kaplanski, J. (1989). Ultrastructure of testicular cells in rats treated with dibromochloropropane (DBCP). Andrologia 21, 229-236.

Sod-Moriah, U. A., Sror, U., Shemi, D., Potashnik, G., Chayoth, R., Shaked, I., and Kaplanski, J. (1988). Long term effects of dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on the male rats' reproductive system. Andrologia 20, 60-66.

Torkelson, T. R., Sadek, S. E., Rowe, V. K., Kodama, J. K., Anderson, H. H., Loquvam, G. S., and Hine, C. H. (1961). Toxicologic investigations of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 3, 545-559.

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Prepared on 12.11.03 by Heather A. Clark, Postdoctoral Associate, BCERF
and Laura Obijuru, Undergraduate Research Assistant

We will make every effort to update this bibliography. If you have comments on this bibliography, or have a suggestion of a reference you would like us to review for inclusion in the bibliography, please send this information via email to: breastcancer@cornell.edu